3.119 \(\int \frac{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=296 \[ \frac{\left (-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}+b\right ) \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} \text{EllipticF}\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac{2 \sqrt{c} x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2}-\frac{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]

[Out]

(2*Sqrt[c]*x*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2) - (2*a^(1/4)*c^(1/4)*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqr
t[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)^2]*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt
[c]))/4])/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4] + ((b + 2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c] - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqrt[
(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)^2]*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c
]))/4])/(2*a^(1/4)*c^(1/4)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])

________________________________________________________________________________________

Rubi [A]  time = 0.118657, antiderivative size = 296, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 39, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.077, Rules used = {1197, 1103, 1195} \[ \frac{\left (-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}+b\right ) \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac{2 \sqrt{c} x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2}-\frac{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 2*c*x^2)/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4],x]

[Out]

(2*Sqrt[c]*x*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2) - (2*a^(1/4)*c^(1/4)*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqr
t[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)^2]*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt
[c]))/4])/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4] + ((b + 2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c] - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqrt[
(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)^2]*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c
]))/4])/(2*a^(1/4)*c^(1/4)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])

Rule 1197

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[c/a, 2]}, Dist[(
e + d*q)/q, Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4], x], x] - Dist[e/q, Int[(1 - q*x^2)/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4], x], x]
/; NeQ[e + d*q, 0]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && PosQ[c/a]

Rule 1103

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[c/a, 4]}, Simp[((1 + q^2*x^2)*Sqrt[(
a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(a*(1 + q^2*x^2)^2)]*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[q*x], 1/2 - (b*q^2)/(4*c)])/(2*q*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c
*x^4]), x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && PosQ[c/a]

Rule 1195

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[c/a, 4]}, -Simp[
(d*x*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])/(a*(1 + q^2*x^2)), x] + Simp[(d*(1 + q^2*x^2)*Sqrt[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(a*(1 + q
^2*x^2)^2)]*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[q*x], 1/2 - (b*q^2)/(4*c)])/(q*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]), x] /; EqQ[e + d*q^2, 0
]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && PosQ[c/a]

Rubi steps

\begin{align*} \int \frac{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx &=-\left (\left (2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}\right ) \int \frac{1-\frac{\sqrt{c} x^2}{\sqrt{a}}}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx\right )+\left (b+2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx\\ &=\frac{2 \sqrt{c} x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2}-\frac{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac{\left (b+2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}\\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [C]  time = 0.308585, size = 187, normalized size = 0.63 \[ -\frac{2 i \sqrt{2} a \sqrt{\frac{c}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \sqrt{\frac{2 c x^2}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+1} E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\frac{c}{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 2*c*x^2)/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4],x]

[Out]

((-2*I)*Sqrt[2]*a*Sqrt[c/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*Sqrt[(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 2*c*x^2)/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c
])]*Sqrt[1 + (2*c*x^2)/(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*EllipticE[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*x]
, (b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])/(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])])/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]

________________________________________________________________________________________

Maple [A]  time = 0.075, size = 515, normalized size = 1.7 \begin{align*} -{ac\sqrt{2}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}} \left ({\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{x\sqrt{2}}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ) -{\it EllipticE} \left ({\frac{x\sqrt{2}}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ) \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}} \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) ^{-1}}-{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}{\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{x\sqrt{2}}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}}}+{\frac{b\sqrt{2}}{4}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}{\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{x\sqrt{2}}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((2*c*x^2-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+b)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2),x)

[Out]

-c*a*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2)*(4-2*(-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)*(4+2*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^
(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*(EllipticF(1/2*x*2^(1/2)*((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1
/2))/a)^(1/2),1/2*(-4+2*b*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a/c)^(1/2))-EllipticE(1/2*x*2^(1/2)*((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/
a)^(1/2),1/2*(-4+2*b*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a/c)^(1/2)))-1/4*(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2
))/a)^(1/2)*(4-2*(-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)*(4+2*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)
^(1/2)*EllipticF(1/2*x*2^(1/2)*((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2),1/2*(-4+2*b*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a/c)^(1/2)
)+1/4*b*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2)*(4-2*(-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)*(4+2*(b+(-4*a*c+b^
2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)*EllipticF(1/2*x*2^(1/2)*((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2),1/2*(-4
+2*b*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a/c)^(1/2))

________________________________________________________________________________________

Maxima [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{2 \, c x^{2} + b - \sqrt{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}{\sqrt{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}}\,{d x} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((2*c*x^2-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+b)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate((2*c*x^2 + b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a), x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Fricas [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*}{\rm integral}\left (\frac{2 \, c x^{2} + b - \sqrt{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}{\sqrt{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}}, x\right ) \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((2*c*x^2-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+b)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

integral((2*c*x^2 + b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a), x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Sympy [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{b + 2 c x^{2} - \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{\sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}}\, dx \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((2*c*x**2-(-4*a*c+b**2)**(1/2)+b)/(c*x**4+b*x**2+a)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral((b + 2*c*x**2 - sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2))/sqrt(a + b*x**2 + c*x**4), x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Giac [F(-2)]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Exception raised: TypeError} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((2*c*x^2-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+b)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

Exception raised: TypeError